In recent years, prefabricated buildings have developed rapidly in China. Prefabricated building is a building with the function of using some or all of the components of the building to be produced in the component prefabrication factory and transported to the construction site by the corresponding transportation method. The main application types include commercial housing, public buildings, affordable housing, rural and tourism landscape projects.

On March 23, 2017, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued a notice on the "Thirteenth Five-Year" Prefabricated Building Action Plan, "Prefabricated Building Demonstration City Management Measures", and "Prefabricated Building Industry Base Management Measures" to further clarify the stage Work objectives.

By 2020, the proportion of prefabricated buildings in new buildings will reach more than 15%, of which more than 20% will be promoted in key areas, more than 15% will be actively promoted, and more than 10% will be encouraged.

By 2020, cultivate more than 50 prefabricated building demonstration cities, more than 200 prefabricated building industry bases, more than 500 prefabricated building demonstration projects, and build more than 30 prefabricated building technology innovation bases to give full play to the leading and leading role of demonstration.

According to statistics from the Ministry of Housing and Construction, the area of newly started prefabricated buildings nationwide reached 418 million square meters in 2019, an increase of 44.6 percent over the same period last year.

Metal structures were used in the construction of houses at a very early time, dating back to the late 18th century in England. According to data analysis, the use of steel structure to build houses about 120 years of time. The steel structure building system in Europe and the United States and other countries has developed for many years and has become very mature and has become one of the mainstream of the local construction market.

At present, China's residential steel structure accounts for less than 5%, compared with almost more than 50% in developed countries abroad, China is still in its infancy, and there is still a lot of room for development of residential steel structure.

In the 1990 s, China clearly put forward the strategic policy of housing industrialization. At present, the state advocates green buildings, energy conservation and environmental protection, recycling and housing industrialization, industrialization, and steel structure buildings, as an excellent representative of "green buildings", meet almost all requirements and become a new industry concerned and promoted by governments at all levels, real estate developers and investors.

In this context, for example, Beixin House, Yuanda Meizhai, Huanxin Ton, Huada House, Hangxiao Steel Structure, Baoye Group, Elegant Integrated House, ABC American Construction, CIMC Group, Zhongmin Zhuyou, Beijing Chengdong and other prefabricated construction enterprises have developed rapidly. According to industry estimates, the current number of domestic assembly construction enterprises is not less than 2000.

Promoting the process of urbanization to provide a broad market for prefabricated buildings

In 2014, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "National New Urbanization Plan (2014-2020)" to clarify the goal of further promoting the urbanization process. On the one hand, in the process of old city demolition and residents' migration in the process of urbanization, the daily life of residents must be guaranteed, so for some areas with insufficient housing, a large number of houses need to be completed quickly. On the other hand, the construction of the new city pays more attention to environmental protection and energy conservation than in the past. This further reinforces the assembly of the integrated housing to provide a fertile ground that can be active.

Liu Shengjia, director of the China Urbanization Construction Working Committee and executive deputy director of the China International Science and Technology Promotion Association High-tech Professional Committee, pointed out in an interview that prefabricated buildings have a large market in urbanization.

Liu Shengjia, Director of the China Urbanization Working Committee and Executive Deputy Director of the High-tech Professional Committee of the China Association for the Promotion of International Science and Technology

"In terms of our new rural construction and old city reconstruction, in fact, its scope of use is very wide and wide." Director Liu Shengjia emphasized, for example, that the promotion of prefabricated buildings is the decision and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council. Prefabricated building factory production and construction speed is fast, in earthquake resistance, fire prevention, high temperature, no pollution, compared with traditional building materials, it has great advantages.

Director Liu Shengjia gave an example, "We have designed a micro-farm in order to get rid of poverty and become rich in rural areas." Director Liu Shengjia stressed that only prefabricated buildings can realize the synchronization of production, ecology and life in micro-farms and enable farmers to develop and become rich on the homestead.

Director Liu Shengjia gave an example to introduce that the ecological well-off home of the urban-rural integration development project designed by the China Urbanization Construction Working Committee is to build a complementary and symbiotic ecological production system and ecological life system on the homestead in the way of using light steel villas. Become a "social cell" with hematopoietic function ". On this basis, the demolition of villages and towns to form a new rural integration of urban and rural areas. Driven by the industry leader, we will achieve the five major goals of 10,000 households per capita, health-preserving houses with gardens on the roof, harmonious coexistence between man and nature, urban residents living in country villas, and stimulating huge domestic demand, so as to provide a new model that can be replicated and promoted for the construction of a new socialist countryside. Design in accordance with all to adapt to China's 0.8 billion farmers to carry out, to achieve agricultural industrialization, rural urbanization, farmers residents.

"I think the countryside still needs to retain the rural pattern, like a two-story three-story villa, one family and one small courtyard. This kind of pattern uses prefabricated buildings, and it is very good to use this kind of light steel." Director Liu Shengjia said, for example, "If you leave this thing and let farmers build all buildings, it will not be called a rural area. If you don't provide him with agricultural production, you won't adapt to this kind of life in the countryside"

Director Liu Shengjia pointed out, for example, that the use of light steel structures to change the appearance of rural areas is not only conducive to the growth of farmers' household income, but also conducive to the appearance of the new countryside.

"In terms of characteristics, only the light steel structure can grasp the space and make it very beautiful and beautiful. We said that the house is for living, and now we not only come to live in the house, but also make wealth".

Industry experts also pointed out that in the current environment where the Chinese government is working hard to develop prefabricated buildings, the market also needs more responsible, artisan-spirited assembly construction companies to take the lead, invest more research and development funds, and take a path that belongs to the Chinese people. The road of prefabricated building innovation, rather than just responding to the government's call to complete political tasks, self-deception; and not just according to the existing results of Western countries to follow the gourd.

China's prefabricated buildings encounter disorderly development, industry chaos

According to the data of China Quality Miles Complaint Platform, some prefabricated light steel villa projects, such a new industry with broad market prospects, have become gimmicks used by some illegal businessmen to defraud and amass money. Some illegal businesses take advantage of everyone's love of prefabricated light steel villas and use low prices as bait to design scams. For some users who build their own houses in villages and towns, they set up contract traps to lure them to join, act as agents and cooperate with projects. The contracts signed by users are played with words, and the money eventually falls into the pockets of swindlers.

Mr. Shen's old father is 70 years old. He lives in a beautiful town. He has worked hard all his life. When he is old, he wants to have a comfortable old age. He plans to take out 500000 of his life's savings and wants to improve his living environment. He is moved by the new technology house with advertisements flying all over the sky. "Unexpectedly, he fell into a scam".

On November 27, 2019, Mr. Shen and his old father visited the fabricated light steel villa with a beautiful vision.

"Warm reception, caring and attentive" "Coupled with a general eloquently, various oral promises and preferential policies given by a certain general, under such strong deception, paid the money and signed the contract"

"But after the payment until May 2020, the house has not been built for half a year, and the money will not be refunded. The '260 square hardcover model house' has also become '260 square model house', and the contract has played a word game. The original construction and installation integrated quotation has changed from the original 1460 yuan/square meter to nearly 2000 yuan/square meter".

According to industry insiders, the price of 1680 yuan per square pack of decoration for light steel structures currently on the market also has great quality and safety risks. A light steel structure villa manufacturer developed rapidly from 2016 to 2018, with an average annual performance of more than 8000 million and a total of more than 300 customers. Their pricing is also 1680 yuan per square package of decoration. By the end of 2018, in three years, a total of 215 quality complaints and 65 lawsuits have been received. The ultra-low prices have led to very large quality and safety risks in housing quality. A series of problems such as wall seepage, roof leakage, and roof truss tilt were all revealed in just over a year.

After that, all the staff of the company had left, leaving only the boss and the factory director.

Industry insiders believe that all this is caused by irrational consumption concepts. If light steel houses are done in accordance with national standards, the cost of the main body will reach more than 2000 yuan per square meter, not to mention the cost of decoration; 1680 yuan per square meter The quality of the house is definitely based on cutting corners and reducing the construction process. It's not that businessmen are too bad, but that standards are not uniform and consumption is not rational.

Experts pointed out that the development of prefabricated buildings in China has entered a bottleneck period. On the one hand, there is a trillion-level construction consumer market in the back; on the other hand, the existing technology is immature, the assembly rate is very low, and the construction cost is high, which forms a very embarrassing situation of mutual restraint. At present, some of our technical research and development, construction technology is still unable to achieve some practical breakthroughs. How to raise the quality of prefabricated buildings, the assembly rate and the price are the practical problems that need to be solved urgently in the field of prefabricated buildings in China.

The ultimate solution to industry chaos requires mandatory standards

Director Liu Shengjia, for example, believes that there have been some phenomena in our country on this issue, which has something to do with the touch of our national interests. Our country has a general trend. After everything comes out, we rush to do it and rob everything. After the robbery, there are all kinds of phenomena, including high-quality and low-quality ones. In the process of new industry development, these problems inevitably appear. This is our current situation. To solve this problem now, the biggest problem is standardization.

On January 10, 2017, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the former State Administration of Quality Supervision and Inspection jointly issued the national standard "Technical Standards for Prefabricated Steel Structure Buildings" (GB/51232-2016); The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Technical Standards for Light Modular Steel Structure Composite Houses" (JGJ/T466-2019) and "Technical Standards for Prefabricated Steel Structure Residential Buildings" (JGJ/T2693-2019) on May 7, 2019.

"I think it is the first implementation of standards, no standards are not easy to manage. The establishment of mandatory standards, in the past few years have been talking about this matter, there is no national standards, there is no mandatory standards, it must be very messy. In the end, what is said is not the same as what is done, and what is advertised is also very different from what is actually done in the end, and these are all because of the interests".

Director Liu Shengjia emphasized, for example, "If China's light steel villas start from the urban-rural fringe all the way to the countryside, to develop to this step, it is really the realization of the urban people are yearning for the countryside, all want to go to the countryside. Now to achieve so many functions, such as its materials, quality, must be in accordance with the standardization, must meet the standards".

Prefabricated building, a new industry that not only conforms to industrial policy but also has broad market prospects, will usher in rapid development under the dual promotion of policy and market demand. Following development, continuously refining and strengthening, formulating, supervising, and implementing national standards is the ultimate way to orderly and healthy development of prefabricated buildings, break bottlenecks, and solve industry chaos.