Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee has conducted collective studies on topics related to the construction of ecological civilization twice. This is the third time. The purpose of arranging this study is to grasp the new tasks and requirements of entering the new development stage, implementing the new development concept, and building a new development pattern for the construction of ecological civilization, analyze the new situation facing the construction of ecological civilization in my country, and promote the construction of harmonious coexistence between man and nature Modernization.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have strengthened the party's overall leadership over the construction of ecological civilization, placed the construction of ecological civilization in a prominent position in the overall work, and made a series of major strategic deployments. In the overall layout of "five in one", the construction of ecological civilization is one of them; in the basic strategy of adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, adhering to the harmonious coexistence of man and nature is one of them; in the new development concept, green is one of them; in the three major battles, pollution prevention and control is one of them; in the goal of building a socialist modern power by the middle of this century, Beautiful China is one. This fully reflects our understanding of the importance of ecological civilization construction and clarifies the important position of ecological civilization construction in the overall development of the party and the country.

We have comprehensively strengthened the construction of ecological civilization, systematically planned the reform of the ecological civilization system, integrated management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, and carried out a series of fundamental, pioneering, and long-term work. The determination, strength, and effectiveness are unprecedented. The construction of civilization has undergone historic, turning, and overall changes from recognition to practice. I have successively given instructions and instructions on typical cases such as ecological destruction in the Qilian Mountains in Gansu, illegal construction of villas at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, and illegal mining in the Muli mining area in Qinghai. The relevant localities and departments have seriously investigated and punished a number of dereliction of duty and dereliction of duty. In the past 9 years, the blue sky and white clouds have reappeared, the green map has continued to expand, the green economy has accelerated development, energy consumption and material consumption have continued to decrease, heavy smoke and haze have been effectively suppressed, black and smelly water bodies have been significantly reduced, the urban and rural environment has become more livable, and the construction of a beautiful China has taken solid steps. The concept that green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains has become the consensus and actions of the whole party and society. According to NASA satellite data, between 2000 and 2017, about 1/4 of the world's new green area came from China. China leads the global climate change negotiation process, actively promotes the signing, entry into force and implementation of the Paris Agreement, and announces that carbon dioxide emissions will peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. The achievements of China's ecological civilization construction have also been widely recognized by the international community.

From May 18 to 19, 2018, the National Ecological Environment Protection Conference was held in Beijing. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, president and chairman of the Central Military Commission, attended the meeting and delivered an important speech.

Practice shows that ecological environmental protection and economic development are dialectically unified and complementary. Building ecological civilization and promoting green and low-carbon circular development can not only meet the people's growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment, but also promote the realization of higher quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable and safer development, and embark on a civilized development path of production development, affluent life and good ecology.

The restoration and improvement of the ecological environment is a process that requires long-term hard work. It cannot be accomplished overnight. It must be persistent and vigorous. At present, my country's ecological civilization construction is still facing many contradictions and challenges. The foundation for the stability and improvement of the ecological environment is not stable. The turning point from quantitative change to qualitative change has not yet arrived. The quality of the ecological environment is compared with the people's expectations for a better life. Compared with the goal of building a beautiful China, there is still a big gap compared with the requirements of building a new development pattern, promoting high-quality development, and comprehensively building a modern socialist country. There is a process of industrial structure adjustment in China. The proportion of traditional industries is still high. Strategic emerging industries and high-tech industries have not yet grown into the leading force of economic growth. The energy structure has not been fundamentally changed. The pollution problems in key regions and industries have not been fundamentally solved. The task of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality is arduous, and the pressure on development from resources and environment is increasing. Promoting green and low-carbon development is the international trend and the general trend, and the green economy has become the commanding height of global industrial competition. Some Western countries play the "environmental card" against our country and put pressure on our country in many ways. The game of great powers around ecological and environmental issues is very fierce.

On March 30, 2022, party and state leaders Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, Li Zhanshu, Wang Yang, Wang Huning, Zhao Leji, Han Zheng, Wang Qishan and others came to Huangcun Town, Daxing District, Beijing to participate in voluntary tree planting activities in the capital. This is Xi Jinping planting trees with everyone.

At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC National Committee, I stressed that China's construction of socialist modernization has many important characteristics, one of which is that China's modernization is a modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously, and pays attention to simultaneously promoting the construction of material civilization and ecological civilization. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country's ecological civilization construction has entered a critical period of focusing on carbon reduction as the key strategic direction, promoting the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, promoting the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and realizing the improvement of ecological environment quality from quantitative change to qualitative change. It is necessary to completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, maintain strategic determination, plan economic and social development from the perspective of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, adhere to the basic national policy of saving resources and protecting the environment, and adhere to the principle of giving priority to conservation, protection and natural restoration, so as to form a spatial pattern, industrial structure, mode of production and way of life of saving resources and protecting the environment, and coordinate pollution control, ecological protection and climate change, promote the continuous improvement of the ecological environment and strive to build a modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

First, unremittingly promote green and low-carbon development. I have stressed many times that the problem of ecological environment is, in the final analysis, a problem of development mode and lifestyle. Establishing and improving the green and low-carbon circular development economic system and promoting the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development are the basic strategies to solve the ecological and environmental problems in China. On March 15, I presided over the ninth meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Committee to study and deploy the basic ideas and major measures to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. It is necessary to take the realization of pollution reduction and carbon reduction synergy as the overall starting point to promote the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure, energy structure, transportation structure, and land use structure. It is necessary to strengthen land space planning and use control, implement spatial control boundaries such as ecological protection, basic farmland, and urban development, implement the strategy of main functional areas, and delineate and strictly observe the red line of ecological protection. It is necessary to seize the source of resource utilization, promote total resource management, scientific allocation, comprehensive conservation, and recycling, and comprehensively improve resource utilization efficiency. It is necessary to seize the key to industrial restructuring, accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries, high-tech industries, and modern service industries, promote clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient use of energy, and continue to reduce carbon emission intensity. It is necessary to solve the problem of insufficient scientific and technological support for promoting green and low-carbon development, strengthen scientific and technological research such as carbon capture, utilization and storage technology, and zero-carbon industrial process reengineering technology, and support the transformation of green and low-carbon technological innovation achievements. We should develop green finance and support green technology innovation.

I have stressed many times that reducing carbon dioxide emissions and tackling climate change is not what others want us to do, but what we should do ourselves. The realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality is a solemn commitment made by our country to the world, and it is also a broad and profound economic and social change, which can not be easily achieved. At present, the impulse of some departments and localities to launch high energy consumption and high emission projects is still strong. At the special seminar on the study and implementation of the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in January this year, I specifically emphasized the need to guard against eight misunderstandings. One of the misunderstandings is to take advantage of expanding domestic demand and forming a domestic market. The opportunity of large markets, large-scale projects with high energy consumption and high emissions. Relevant departments and localities must strictly control the pass, and projects that do not meet the requirements must be resolutely taken down! Party committees and governments at all levels should show the momentum of grasping iron marks and stepping on stones to leave seals, clarify timetables, road maps, and construction drawings, and promote economic and social development on the basis of efficient use of resources and green and low-carbon development.

From August 19 to 22, 2019, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, visited Gansu. This is the morning of the 21st. Xi Jinping had a cordial conversation with representatives of the "six old men" and forest farm workers at Babusha Forest Farm in Gulang County, Wuwei City. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng/photo

Second, in-depth fight against pollution. Now, the people have higher expectations for the quality of the ecological environment and lower tolerance for ecological environmental problems. It is necessary to focus on overcoming the outstanding ecological and environmental problems around the people, so that the people can truly feel the improvement of the ecological environment. We must adhere to precise pollution control, scientific pollution control, and pollution control in accordance with the law, maintain strength, extend depth, and broaden breadth, and continue to fight the battle to defend the blue sky, clear water, and pure land. It is necessary to strengthen the coordinated control of multiple pollutants and regional coordinated governance, strengthen the coordinated control of fine particulate matter and ozone, and basically eliminate heavy pollution weather. It is necessary to coordinate the management of water resources, water environment, and water ecology, strengthen the prevention and control of pollution in rivers, lakes and reservoirs and ecological protection, build beautiful bays, effectively protect the safety of drinking water for residents, and resolutely control urban black and odorous water bodies. It is necessary to promote the prevention and control of soil pollution and effectively control the risk of soil pollution in agricultural land and construction land. It is necessary to implement garbage classification, reduction and resource utilization, strengthen white pollution control, strengthen the collection and treatment of hazardous waste and medical waste, strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, and attach importance to the treatment of new pollutants. It is necessary to promote the extension of pollution control to towns and rural areas, strengthen the control of agricultural non-point source pollution, and significantly improve the rural living environment.

Third, improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem. This is not only an inevitable requirement to increase the supply of high-quality ecological products, but also an important means to mitigate and adapt to the adverse effects of climate change. "Plants and trees are planted, and the country is rich." Good ecology itself contains economic and social value. It is necessary to adhere to the concept of system, proceed from the integrity of the ecosystem, promote the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, lakes, grass and sand, and pay more attention to comprehensive management, systematic management, and source management. It is necessary to speed up the construction of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body, and improve the red line supervision system for nature reserves and ecological protection. It is necessary to establish and improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products, so that the protection and restoration of the ecological environment can obtain reasonable returns, and the destruction of the ecological environment should pay the corresponding price. It is necessary to scientifically promote the comprehensive control of desertification, rocky desertification, and soil erosion, and carry out large-scale land greening operations. It is necessary to promote grassland, forest, rivers and lakes to recuperate, implement a 10-year ban on fishing in the Yangtze River, and improve the system of fallow rotation of arable land. It is necessary to implement major biodiversity conservation projects, strengthen the control of alien species, and host the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Fourth, actively promote global sustainable development. Protecting the ecological environment and coping with climate change are common challenges facing all mankind. We must uphold the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, actively participate in global environmental governance, strengthen international cooperation in areas such as climate change, marine pollution control, and biodiversity protection, earnestly implement international conventions, and take the initiative to assume environmental governance that is compatible with national conditions, development stages and capabilities. Obligations, provide more public goods to the world, continuously strengthen institutional rights, achieve a balance between obligations and rights, and show my country's image as a responsible power. It is necessary to give full play to the leading role of major developing countries, strengthen South-South cooperation and cooperation with neighboring countries, provide developing countries with financial and technical support within their capacity, help improve environmental governance capabilities, and jointly build a green "Belt and Road". We must adhere to the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, fairness, and respective capabilities, firmly uphold multilateralism, effectively respond to the attempts of some Western countries to "regulate" my country, and resolutely safeguard my country's development interests.

Fifth, improve the modernization level of the national governance system and governance capacity in the field of ecological environment. It is necessary to improve the modern environmental governance system under the leadership of the party committee, the leadership of the government, the main body of enterprises, social organizations, and the public, and build an institutional mechanism of integrated planning, integrated deployment, integrated promotion, and integrated assessment. It is necessary to further promote the reform of the ecological civilization system, strengthen the legal and policy guarantees for green development, and improve the property rights system and laws and regulations of natural resource assets. It is necessary to improve the management of binding indicators for environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction, and establish a sound and stable financial investment mechanism. It is necessary to fully implement the emission permit system, promote the market-oriented trading of emission rights, energy use rights, water use rights, and carbon emission rights, and establish a sound risk control mechanism. It is necessary to vigorously promote green civilization, enhance the people's awareness of conservation, environmental protection, and ecology, advocate a simple, moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle, and transform the construction of a beautiful China into conscious actions by all people.

On May 18, 2018, I proposed at the National Ecological Environment Protection Conference that my country's ecological civilization construction is in a critical period of pressure superposition and heavy load. It has entered the provision of more high-quality ecological products to meet the people's growing beautiful ecological environment. The critical period of the need has also reached a window period when the conditions and ability to solve outstanding problems in the ecological environment. Party committees and governments at all levels must improve their political judgment, political understanding, and political execution, cherish the "big country", shoulder the political responsibility for the construction of ecological civilization, resolutely implement orders and prohibitions, and ensure that the Party Central Committee's decisions on the construction of ecological civilization The deployment is effective.

※ this is General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech during the 29th collective study of the 19th Political Bureau of the Central Committee on April 30, 2021.