Since the beginning of the 21st century, global scientific and technological innovation has entered an unprecedentedly intensive and active period. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are reconstructing the global innovation map and reshaping the global economic structure. The new generation of information technology represented by artificial intelligence, quantum information, mobile communications, Internet of Things, and blockchain has accelerated its breakthrough and application, and the life sciences represented by synthetic biology, gene editing, brain science, and regenerative medicine have bred new innovations. The advanced manufacturing technology that integrates robots, digitalization, and new materials is accelerating the transformation of manufacturing to intelligent, service-oriented, and green, the accelerated development of energy technologies with the goal of clean, efficient and sustainable will trigger a global energy revolution, and space and marine technologies are expanding the new frontiers of human survival and development. In short, original breakthroughs in information, life, manufacturing, energy, space, and oceans have provided more sources of innovation for cutting-edge and disruptive technologies, between disciplines, between science and technology, between technology, between natural sciences and humanities and social sciences. Science and technology have never had such a profound impact on the future and destiny of the country, and have never had such a profound impact on the well-being of the people as it is today.

At present, there are still some outstanding problems to be solved in the field of science and technology in China, especially compared with the new tasks and requirements put forward by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, there are many inadaptations in the field of vision, innovation ability, resource allocation, system and policy. The short board of basic scientific research in China is still prominent, enterprises do not pay enough attention to basic research, lack of major original achievements, lack of underlying basic technology and basic process capacity, bottlenecks such as industrial mother machines, high-end chips, basic software and hardware, development platforms, basic algorithms, basic components and basic materials are still prominent, and the situation that key core technologies are controlled by people has not been fundamentally changed. China's technology research and development focus on industrial development bottlenecks and demand is not enough, it is not enough to plan scientific and technological opening and cooperation with a global perspective, and the ability to transform scientific and technological achievements is not strong. my country's talent development system and mechanism are not perfect, the incentive mechanism to stimulate talent innovation and creativity is not perfect, and top talents and teams are relatively lacking. my country's science and technology management system cannot fully meet the needs of building a world science and technology power. The implementation of many major decisions in the reform of the science and technology system has not yet formed a joint force. The overall coordination of science and technology innovation policies with economic and industrial policies is not enough. The mechanism for the whole society to encourage and tolerate innovation And the environment needs to be optimized.

On May 28, 2018, the 19th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 14th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering were grandly opened in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, president and chairman of the Central Military Commission, attended the meeting and delivered an important speech. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng/photo

If China wants to be strong and rejuvenated, it must vigorously develop science and technology and strive to become the world's major scientific center and innovation highland. We are closer to the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history, and we need to build a world power in science and technology more than at any time in history!

Now, we have ushered in a historic intersection period of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation in the world and the transformation of China's mode of development, facing not only a once-in-a-lifetime historical opportunity, but also a severe challenge of widening the gap. We must be soberly aware that some historical convergence periods may have the same frequency resonance, and some historical convergence periods may also pass.

The situation is compelling, the challenges are compelling, and the mission is compelling. The vast number of scientific and technological workers in China should grasp the general trend, seize the first opportunity, face up to problems, face up to difficulties, aim at the forefront of world science and technology, lead the direction of scientific and technological development, shoulder the important task entrusted by history, and bravely be the vanguard of scientific and technological innovation in the new era.

First, we should fully understand that innovation is the first driving force, provide high-quality science and technology supply, and strive to support the construction of a modern economic system.It is written in the Mojing that "the reason why force and form are vigorous" means that power is the reason why objects move. We should focus on improving the quality and efficiency of development, support supply-side structural reform as the main line, improve the quality of the supply system as the main direction, promote the quality of economic development, efficiency change, power change, significantly enhance China's economic quality advantage. By making up for shortcomings, tapping potential and increasing advantages, we should promote the efficient flow of resource elements and the optimal allocation of resources, promote the reengineering of the industrial chain and the upgrading of the value chain, meet effective and potential demand, achieve supply and demand matching and dynamic balanced development, improve market development expectations and boost confidence in the development of the real economy.

The world is entering a period of economic development dominated by the information industry. We should grasp the opportunity of the integration and development of digitalization, networking and intelligence, and cultivate new kinetic energy with informatization and intelligence as leverage. It is necessary to highlight the leading and pillar nature, give priority to cultivating and vigorously developing a number of strategic emerging industrial clusters, and build a new pillar of the industrial system. We should promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence with the real economy and make the digital economy bigger and stronger. It is necessary to take intelligent manufacturing as the main direction to promote industrial technological change and optimization and upgrading, promote the fundamental transformation of the manufacturing industry model and enterprise form, drive the "reform" with "innovation", drive the stock with increment, and promote China's industry to move towards the middle and high end of the global value chain.

Second, we are determined to innovate independently, strengthen our confidence in innovation, and strive to enhance our ability to innovate independently.Only a self-confident country and nation can move forward steadily on the road to the future. The trees are tall and leafy, with deep roots. Self-reliance is the basis of the struggle for the Chinese nation to stand on its own among the nations of the world, and independent innovation is the only way for us to climb the peak of world science and technology. "If I believe that it is feasible, it will be difficult to move mountains and reclaim the sea, and there will be a day of success; if I believe that it is not feasible, it will be easy to fold the branches, and there will be no time for results." Innovation has always been a life of nine deaths, but we must have the pride of "more than what is good in our hearts, even though we die, we still have no regrets. The vast number of scientific and technological workers in our country should have strong confidence and determination in innovation, neither belittle themselves nor arrogantly respect themselves, have the courage to overcome difficulties, pursue excellence, win victory, and actively seize the commanding heights of scientific and technological competition and future development.

Practice has repeatedly told us that key core technologies cannot be bought or acquired. Only by mastering key core technologies in our own hands can we fundamentally guarantee national economic security, national defense security and other security. It is necessary to enhance the "four self-confidence", take key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations as breakthroughs, dare to take the path that predecessors have not gone through, strive to achieve independent control of key core technologies, and take the initiative in innovation, The development initiative is firmly in its own hands.

To build a world power in science and technology, we must have landmark scientific and technological achievements. It is necessary to strengthen strategic orientation and goal guidance, strengthen the ability of scientific and technological innovation system, accelerate the construction of first-mover advantages to support high-end leadership, strengthen the research and deployment of scientific issues related to the fundamental and overall situation, and make great efforts in key areas and places where the neck is stuck. Elite forces, make strategic arrangements, make breakthroughs as soon as possible, and strive to realize the strategic transformation of my country's overall scientific and technological level from following to parallel and technological level, become a leader in important scientific and technological fields, become a pioneer in emerging frontier cross-cutting fields, and create more competitive advantages. It is necessary to meet the people's yearning for a better life as the foothold of scientific and technological innovation, and to benefit the people, enrich the people, and improve people's livelihood as an important direction of scientific and technological innovation.

From February 3 to 5, 2021, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission came to Guizhou for investigation and research, visited and condoned the cadres and masses of all ethnic groups, and extended good New Year blessings to the people of all ethnic groups across the country. This is the morning of the 5th. Xi Jinping watched the "China Sky Eye" scene by video, communicated cordially with representatives of scientific and technological workers in the general control room, and paid New Year's greetings to the vast number of scientific and technological workers across the country. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xueren/Photo

Basic research is the source of the entire scientific system. It is necessary to aim at the frontiers of science and technology in the world, seize the general trend, play the "first move", lay a good foundation, reserve long-term reserves, be willing to sit on the cold bench, be brave enough to be a tree planter and a well digger, and achieve forward-looking basic research and leading original achievements. Major breakthroughs have consolidated the foundation for building a world power in science and technology. It is necessary to increase the intensity of applied basic research, take the promotion of major scientific and technological projects as the starting point, break through the "last mile", remove the "fence" that hinders industrialization, dredge the fast lane of the connection between applied basic research and industrialization, and promote the innovation chain and The industrial chain is accurately connected, accelerate the transformation of scientific research results from samples to products to commodities, and fully apply scientific and technological achievements to modernization.

Engineering science and technology is the engine to promote human progress and the powerful lever of industrial revolution, economic development and social progress. The vast number of engineering and scientific and technological workers should not only have the spirit of craftsmanship, but also have the spirit of unity, focus on the major strategic needs of the country, aim at economic construction and major engineering and scientific and technological issues related to national security, closely follow the realistic needs of the people's livelihood and the needs of military-civilian integration in the new era, speed up the transformation and application of the achievements of independent innovation, and fight the initiative in forward-looking and strategic areas.

On September 11, 2020, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the People's Republic of China and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, presided over a symposium of scientists in Beijing and delivered an important speech. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yao Dawei/Photo

Third, comprehensively deepen the reform of the science and technology system, improve the efficiency of the innovation system, and focus on stimulating innovation vitality.Innovation wins the future, and reform is about the national movement. The field of science and technology is the most in need of continuous reform. On June 9, 2014, I emphasized in my speech at the academician conference of the two academies that the most urgent thing to promote independent innovation is to remove institutional barriers and maximize the liberation and stimulation of the huge potential of science and technology as the primary productive force. Focusing on these key tasks, over the years, we have vigorously promoted the reform of the science and technology system. The reform of the science and technology system has made comprehensive efforts, multiple breakthroughs, and in-depth development. The main structure of the reform of the science and technology system has been established, and substantial breakthroughs have been made in the reform of important areas and key links.

In August 2015, the Party Central Committee and the State Council issued the "Implementation Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Science and Technology System", which deployed 143 reform tasks to be completed by 2020, and more than 110 reform tasks have been completed. We have made substantial breakthroughs in the field of science and technology that we have been trying to solve for many years but have not been able to solve. At the same time, there are still some outstanding problems to be solved in the reform of the scientific and technological system, mainly because the overall efficiency of the national innovation system is not strong, and the problems of scattered, repeated and inefficient scientific and technological innovation resources have not been fundamentally solved. The phenomenon of "many projects, many hats and many brands" is still prominent, and the output efficiency of scientific and technological input is not high. The ability to transfer and transform scientific and technological achievements, realize industrialization and create market value is insufficient, the progress in the reform of scientific research institutes, the establishment and improvement of the combination mechanism of science and technology and finance, and the cultivation of innovative talents lags behind the overall progress, and the enthusiasm of scientific researchers to carry out original scientific and technological innovation has not been fully stimulated, and so on.

This year marks the 40th anniversary of China's reform and opening up. The determination to comprehensively deepen reform in the new era cannot be shaken, and the courage cannot be weakened. The reform of the scientific and technological system must dare to gnaw hard bones, dare to wade through dangerous beaches, overcome difficulties, and break down all ideological obstacles and institutional barriers that restrict scientific and technological innovation ".

We must adhere to the "two-wheel drive" of scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation, be problem-oriented, demand-driven, and work hard on practice carriers, institutional arrangements, policy guarantees, and environmental creation, and focus on innovation subjects, innovation foundations, innovation resources, and innovation environments. Continue to work hard in other areas, strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength, and enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. It is necessary to optimize and strengthen the top-level design of the technological innovation system, clarify the functional positioning of the innovation subjects of enterprises, universities, and scientific research institutes in different links of the innovation chain, and stimulate the innovation passion and vitality of various subjects. It is necessary to accelerate the transformation of government science and technology management functions and give full play to organizational advantages.

Enterprises are the main body of innovation and the new force to promote innovation and creation. As Engels said: "Once society has a technical need, this need will push science forward more than ten universities." It is necessary to promote enterprises to become the main body of technological innovation decision-making, R & D investment, scientific research organization and achievement transformation, and cultivate a number of innovative leading enterprises with outstanding core technological capabilities and strong integrated innovation capabilities. It is necessary to give full play to the guiding role of the market in the direction of technology research and development, route selection, factor prices, and the allocation of various innovative elements, so that the market can truly play a decisive role in the allocation of innovative resources. It is necessary to improve long-term mechanisms such as policy support, factor input, incentive guarantee, and service supervision to promote the vigorous development of new technologies, new products, and new business formats. It is necessary to speed up the transformation and application of innovative achievements, thoroughly break through the hurdles, and break the bottleneck of the "one-stop" transformation of technological breakthroughs, product manufacturing, market models, and industrial development.

It is necessary to build national laboratories with high standards, and promote the overall layout and optimization of large science plans, large science projects, large science centers, and international scientific and technological innovation bases. It is necessary to speed up the establishment of a scientific and technological decision-making mechanism for scientific and technological consultation to support administrative decision-making, pay attention to the role of think tanks and professional research institutions, improve the scientific and technological decision-making mechanism, and improve the ability of scientific decision-making. It is necessary to speed up the construction of a military-civilian integration development system, improve the military-civilian integration organization and management system, work operation system, and policy system, and remove obstacles to "civilian participation in the army" and "military-to-civilian. We should strengthen the law enforcement of intellectual property protection and improve the intellectual property service system.

On May 30, 2016, in my speech at the National Science and Technology Innovation Conference, the Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, I emphasized that efforts should be made to reform and innovate the use and management of scientific research funds, so that funds can be used for people's creative activities. It is necessary to reform the science and technology evaluation system and establish a classified evaluation system oriented by the quality, contribution and performance of scientific and, correctly evaluate the scientific value, technical value, economic value, social value and cultural value of scientific and technological innovation achievements. We have introduced several important reform programmes one after another, including the "Plan on Deepening the Management Reform of the Central Financial Science and Technology Plan (Special Projects, Funds, etc.)", "Several Opinions on Further Improving the Central Financial Research Project Fund Management and Other Policies", and "Several Opinions on the Implementation of the Distribution Policy Oriented to Increase the Value of Knowledge", "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Reform of the Talent Evaluation Mechanism by Classification", "The Plan on Deepening the Reform of the Science and Technology Award System" has been warmly welcomed by the majority of scientific and technology workers. Everyone reported that these reforms still need to be improved, and some have not yet been fully implemented. The relevant departments must listen carefully to everyone's opinions and suggestions, continue to resolutely advance, and put people's creative activities from unreasonable funding management and talent evaluation systems. Liberate.

Fourth, deeply participate in global science and technology governance, contribute Chinese wisdom, and strive to promote the building of a community of human destiny.Science and technology are worldwide and epochal, and the development of science and technology must have a global perspective. If you do not reject the stream, you will become the river and the sea. Independent innovation is an innovation in an open environment. It must not be carried out behind closed doors, but must gather the spirit of the world and borrow the power of all directions. It is necessary to deepen international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, promote independent innovation from a higher starting point, actively deploy and actively use international innovation resources, strive to build a partnership of win-win cooperation, and jointly respond to future development, food security, energy security, human health, and climate change. The common challenges of mankind will benefit more countries and people while achieving their own development, and promote balanced development on a global scale.

We must persist in planning and promoting scientific and technological innovation from a global perspective, strengthen international scientific and technological innovation cooperation in an all-round way, actively integrate into the global scientific and technological innovation network, improve the level of opening up of national science and technology plans, actively participate in and lead major international scientific plans and projects, and encourage Chinese scientists to initiate And organize international scientific and technological cooperation plans. It is necessary to build the "Belt and Road" into a road of innovation, and cooperate to build scientific and technological innovation alliances and scientific and technological innovation bases for countries along the route, so as to create opportunities and platforms for the common development of all countries. We should make the best use of global innovation resources, comprehensively enhance China's position in the global innovation pattern, and improve China's influence and rule-making ability in global science and technology governance.

Fifth, firmly establish the strategic position of talents leading development, gather talents in an all-round way, and strive to consolidate the talent foundation for innovation and development.Merit by talent, industry by talent. People are the most precious of all things in the world, and all innovations are made by people. Hard power, soft power, in the final analysis depends on the strength of talent. All the history of science and technology has proved that whoever has first-class innovative talents and first-class scientists can have an advantage in scientific and technological innovation. At present, China's high-level innovative talents are still insufficient, especially the lack of leading talents in science and technology. The talent evaluation system is unreasonable, and the phenomenon of only papers, only professional titles, and only academic qualifications is still serious. The various reviews and evaluations make scientific and technological workers overwhelmed, and the "hats" of talents are flying all over the sky. The talent management system does not meet the requirements of scientific and technological innovation and does not meet the laws of scientific and technological innovation. It is necessary to innovate the talent evaluation mechanism, establish and improve the evaluation system of scientific and technological talents oriented by innovation ability, quality and contribution, and form and implement an evaluation system conducive to the research and innovation of scientific and technological talents. We should pay attention to the combination of individual evaluation and team evaluation, and respect and recognize the actual contribution of all participants in the team. It is necessary to improve the science and technology reward system, so that outstanding scientific and technological innovation talents can get reasonable returns, and release the innovation vitality of various talents. Through reform, we should change the practice of labeling talents as "permanent cards" with static evaluation results, and change the one-sided practice of taking papers, patents and the amount of funds as the evaluation criteria for talents. We should not let red tape tie up the hands and feet of scientists, and we should not let endless reports and approvals delay the energy of scientists!

From April 11 to 13, 2018, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, visited Hainan. This is the afternoon of April 12. Xi Jinping had a cordial conversation with Academician Yuan Longping and other agricultural science and technology personnel at the National Southern Propagation Research and Breeding Base to learn about the development and promotion of the rice breeding industry. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xueren/Photo

The only way to innovate is to get people. What people want will be stored in a wide range of ways. It is necessary to create a good environment for innovation, accelerate the formation of a training mechanism that is conducive to the growth of talents, a use mechanism that is conducive to the use of talents, an incentive mechanism that is conducive to the competitive growth of various talents, and a competition mechanism that is conducive to the emergence of various talents. The fertile soil allows the talent roots to be more developed and thrive one after another. It is necessary to respect the law of talent growth, solve the structural contradictions of the talent team, build a complete talent echelon structure, and cultivate a large number of international-level strategic scientific and technological talents, scientific and technological leaders, young scientific and technological talents and innovation teams. It is necessary to strengthen the investment in talents, optimize the talent policy, create a policy environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship, build an effective mechanism for attracting and using talents, and form an innovative situation in which the world's talents gather in China and all kinds of frost compete freely!

※ this is part of General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech at the 19th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 14th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering on May 28, 2018.