Some Major Issues on National Medium-and Long-Term Economic and Social Development Strategy^※

Xi Jinping

Since the outbreak of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic, I have presided over many meetings and issued a large number of instructions to promote the prevention and control of the epidemic and economic and social development. At the same time, I have also considered major issues related to the country's medium-and long-term economic and social development in the context of epidemic prevention and control.

The world today is undergoing major changes unseen in a century. This epidemic is also a once-in-a-century epidemic. It is both a crisis and a big test. At present, China's epidemic prevention and control situation has crossed the inflection point, but the epidemic global pandemic is still in the rising period, the external situation is very serious, we should do a good job of external prevention and import, internal prevention and rebound work, must not let the epidemic come back. At the same time, we should draw inferences from one another, think more long-term, improve the strategic layout, turn crises into opportunities, and achieve high-quality development. Next, I will focus on a few issues from the perspective of development strategy.

First, firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand.Building a complete domestic demand system is related to China's long-term development and long-term stability. After the reform and opening up, especially after China's accession to the WTO, China has joined the international cycle, forming a development model of "two ends outside" of the market and resources (such as mineral resources) and forming a "world factory". It has played an important role in seizing the opportunity of economic globalization, rapidly improving economic strength and improving people's living standards. In recent years, economic globalization has encountered headwinds, and the epidemic may exacerbate the trend of anti-globalization, with a marked rise in domestic preference and a possible major change in the external environment facing China's development. The implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand is the current need to deal with the impact of the epidemic, to maintain the long-term sustained and healthy development of China's economy, and to meet the needs of the people's growing better life.

From October 12 to 13, 2020, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, visited Guangdong. This is the afternoon of the 13th. Xi Jinping waved to the local people and tourists while walking to inspect the style of the block in the Kaibu District of Shantou Small Park. Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Ye/photo

The advantage of a large economy is that it is internally recyclable. China has a population of 1.4 billion million, and its per capita GDP has exceeded 10000 US dollars. It is the largest and most potential consumer market in the world. The optimization and upgrading of residents' consumption, combined with modern technology and production methods, contains huge room for growth. We should firmly grasp the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, make production, distribution, circulation and consumption rely more on the domestic market to achieve a virtuous circle, clarify the strategic direction of supply-side structural reform, and promote a dynamic balance between total supply and total demand at a higher level. there is no contradiction between expanding domestic demand and opening wider to the outside world. The smoother the domestic cycle, the more it can form the gravitational field of global resource elements, the more conducive to the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other, and the more conducive to the formation of new advantages in participating in international competition and cooperation.

Consumption is an important engine of China's economic growth, and the middle-income group is an important basis for consumption. At present, China has about 0.4 billion middle-income population, the absolute size of the world's largest. We should take expanding the size of middle-income groups as an important policy goal, optimize the structure of income distribution, and improve the mechanism by which knowledge, technology, management, data and other factors of production are evaluated by the market and remuneration is determined by contribution. It is necessary to expand human capital investment so that more ordinary workers can enter the middle-income group through their own efforts.

Second, optimize and stabilize the industrial chain and supply chain.The industrial chain and supply chain cannot be dropped at critical moments. This is an important feature that a large country's economy must have. This outbreak is a stress test in a real-life state. China's complete industrial system, strong mobilization organization and industrial transformation capacity provide important material guarantee for epidemic prevention and control. China's daily production of masks has increased from 10 million at the end of January to 0.5 billion at present. At the same time, the impact of the epidemic has also exposed the hidden risks of China's industrial chain and supply chain. In order to ensure China's industrial security and national security, we should strive to build an independent, controllable, safe and reliable industrial chain and supply chain, strive to have at least one alternative source for important products and supply channels, and form a necessary industrial backup system.

Now that the whole country is resuming work and production, we should not and cannot simply repeat the past model, but should strive to reshape the new industrial chain and comprehensively increase scientific and technological innovation and import substitution, which is the focus of deepening supply-side structural reform and the key to achieving high-quality development. The first is to lengthen the long board, consolidate and upgrade the international leading position of advantageous industries, forge some "killer" technologies, continue to enhance the advantages of the entire industrial chain in the fields of high-speed rail, power equipment, new energy, and communication equipment, improve industrial quality, and tighten the international The dependence of the industrial chain on my country has formed a strong countermeasure and deterrent capability against foreign artificial supply cuts. The second is to make up for the shortcomings, that is, to build an independent, controllable, safe and reliable domestic production and supply system in areas and nodes related to national security, which can be self-circulating at critical moments to ensure the normal operation of the economy in extreme situations.

China's online economy is a global leader and has played an active role in the prevention and control of this epidemic, with online office, online shopping, online education and online medical care booming and deep integration with the offline economy. We should take advantage of the situation, accelerate the construction of digital economy, digital society and digital government, promote the optimization and upgrading of digitalization in various fields, actively participate in the formulation of international rules such as digital currency and digital tax, and shape new competitive advantages. At the same time, it must be noted that the real economy is the foundation, and all kinds of manufacturing industries cannot be lost. As a large country with a 1.4 billion population, food and physical industries must be based on themselves. This article must not be lost.

In order for the national economy to function normally, it is necessary to enhance the awareness of disaster prevention and preparedness. The weather is unpredictable, and people are in danger. It is necessary to vigorously strengthen the disaster prevention and preparedness system and capacity building, be willing to spend money, be willing to work hard, and would rather prevent ten and nine air, and some areas must be prepared to deal with once-in-a-century disasters. We must insist on walking on two legs, implement a combination of central and local reserves, physical reserves and production capacity reserves, and national reserves and corporate commercial reserves, and do a good job of military-civilian integration reserves. It is necessary to optimize the variety and reserve layout of emergency materials, reasonably determine the scale of reserves, and comprehensively increase investment and construction.

On October 14, 2020, the celebration of the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was held in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the People's Republic of China and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, delivered an important speech at the meeting. This is the morning of the same day. Xi Jinping and others visited the "From First Trial to First Demonstration-Exhibition Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone". Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng/photo

In this fight against the epidemic, state-owned enterprises have played an important role in promoting the industrial cycle. State-owned enterprises are an important material and political foundation of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and an important pillar and force for the party to govern and rejuvenate the country. They must be stronger, better and bigger. Of course, state-owned enterprises must also be reformed and optimized, but they must not be denied or weakened. We must adhere to and improve the new national system and continuously enhance leadership, organization and execution.

The prevention and control of the epidemic has made us realize that we must maintain the global public goods attributes of the industrial chain and supply chain, and resolutely oppose the politicization and weaponization of the industrial chain and supply chain. In international economic and trade negotiations, it is necessary to promote the formation of international consensus and norms to maintain the security of the global industrial chain supply chain and eliminate the interference of non-economic factors, and strive to prevent and combat the bad behavior of the global industrial chain and supply chain through international cooperation.

Third, improve the urbanization strategy.This is a major issue, and the key is to take people's life safety and health as the basic goal of urban development. At present, the urbanization rate of China's resident population has reached 60.6 per cent and will rise for some time to come. It is necessary to better promote people-centered urbanization, make cities healthier, safer, and more livable, and become a space for the people to live high quality.

It is in line with objective laws to enhance the economic and population carrying capacity of areas with economic development advantages such as central cities and urban agglomerations. At the same time, urban development cannot only consider economies of scale, but must put ecology and security in a more prominent position, and coordinate the economic needs, life needs, ecological needs, and security needs of the urban layout. It is necessary to adhere to the idea of people-centered development, proceed from the overall progress of society and the all-round development of people, and formulate urban development plans under the guidance of the idea of ecological civilization and the overall concept of national security. build livable cities, resilient cities, smart cities, and establish high-quality urban ecosystems and security systems.

The concentration of industry and population to advantageous regions is an objective economic law, but the scale of urban monomers cannot be expanded indefinitely. At present, the population density of my country's megacities (urban permanent population of more than 10 million people) and megacities (urban permanent population of more than 5 million people) is generally high. The density of the main urban areas of Beijing and Shanghai is more than 20000 people per square kilometer, Tokyo and New York Only about 13000 people. In the long run, cities across the country must reasonably control population density based on actual conditions, and the average population density of large cities must have control standards. It is necessary to build a number of suburban new cities with integrated production and city, balanced work and residence, ecological livability and convenient transportation, promote the development of multi-center and suburbanization, promote the construction of digital cities in an orderly manner, improve the ability of intelligent management, and gradually solve the problem of over-density population and functions in central urban areas.

The situation varies greatly in various parts of our country, so we should promote the diversification of urban spatial layout according to local conditions. In densely populated areas such as the east, it is necessary to optimize the internal spatial structure of urban agglomerations, reasonably control the scale of large cities, and not blindly "spread the pie". It is necessary to promote the development of urban groups and form a multi-center, multi-level and multi-node network urban agglomeration structure. Cities should not only strengthen interconnection, but also have the necessary ecological and security barriers. The provinces and regions in the central and western regions with conditions should consciously cultivate multiple central cities to avoid the malpractice of "one city dominates. There are currently 1881 counties and cities in my country. It is common for farmers to buy houses in county towns and gather in county towns. It is necessary to select a group of counties with good conditions to focus on development, strengthen policy guidance, and make them an important support point for expanding domestic demand. There is a huge demand and development space in the transformation of old cities and old communities, underground pipe networks, parking lot construction, nurseries, elderly care, housekeeping, education, and medical services.

Fourth, adjust and optimize the structure of science and technology input and output.This epidemic prevention and control is a real test for China's scientific and technological circles. The scientific and technological front has shown both its skills and its shortcomings. It is necessary to optimize the layout of scientific and technological resources, enhance the ability of scientific and technological innovation, and embark on a path of scientific and technological research and development in line with China's national conditions.

The development of science and technology should adhere to the problem-oriented and goal-oriented. Ensuring the safety of people's lives and health is an important task of the party and the country, and scientific research must condense major scientific frontiers and major research topics. We should pay more attention to the basic research of genetics, genetics, virology, epidemiology, immunology and other life sciences, accelerate the research and development of related drugs and vaccines and technological innovation, and attach great importance to the application of information and big data technology in these fields. It is necessary to attach importance to top-level design, optimize the layout of basic research, strengthen advantageous areas, improve the professional setting of colleges and universities, strengthen basic discipline education and personnel training, make up for the unpopular shortcomings, and gradually expand China's basic research system. strive to produce more original achievements from 0 to 1.

From September 16 to 18, 2020, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, visited Hunan. This is the afternoon of the 16th. In Shazhou Yao Village, Wenming Yao Township, Rucheng County, Chenzhou City, Xi Jinping and the villagers Zhu Xiaohong's family have a family routine. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi/Photo

In the prevention and control of this epidemic, many models of the combination of production, teaching and research have been formed, which are worthy of careful summary. It is necessary to innovate the transformation mechanism of scientific and technological achievements, give full play to the main role of enterprises and the overall role of the government, promote the docking of capital, technology, application, market and other elements, strive to solve the problem of organic connection between the "first kilometer" of basic research and the "last kilometer" of achievement transformation and market application, and open up the innovation chain and value chain of industry, University and research.

Fifth, to achieve harmonious coexistence between man and nature.I have stressed many times that man and nature are a community of life, and human beings must respect, conform to and protect nature. The prevention and control of this epidemic has made us more deeply aware that the construction of ecological civilization is a millennium plan related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, and we must plan economic and social development from the height of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

Engels pointed out long ago: "We should not be too intoxicated with our human victory over nature. For every such victory, nature retaliates against us." Since the first industrial revolution, the ability of human beings to use nature has been continuously improved, but overexploitation has also led to the reduction of biodiversity, forcing wild animals to migrate and increasing the spread of pathogens in wild animals. Since the beginning of the new century, from SARS to avian influenza, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Ebola virus, and then to this new coronary pneumonia epidemic, the frequency of new infectious diseases has increased significantly around the world. Only by better balancing the relationship between man and nature and maintaining the balance of the ecosystem can we protect human health. It is necessary to deepen the understanding of the regularity of human and natural life community, and comprehensively accelerate the construction of ecological civilization. The banner of ecological civilization must be held high.

More and more human activities are constantly touching the boundaries and bottom lines of natural ecology. It is necessary to maintain a safe boundary and bottom line for nature and form a pattern of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. This includes both tangible and intangible boundaries. It is necessary to improve the land space planning, implement the strategy of the main functional areas, clarify the ecological red line, accelerate the formation of a nature reserve system, improve the biodiversity protection network, and reasonably limit economic and social activities in space.

It is necessary to enhance the awareness of ecological and environmental protection of the whole nation, encourage green production and consumption, and promote the formation of a healthy and civilized production and lifestyle. It is necessary to carry out in-depth patriotic health campaigns, advocate a healthy diet culture and good living habits, and severely crack down on illegal hunting, killing and trading of wild animals.

Sixth, strengthen the public health system.China's public health has made universally recognized achievements, but the prevention and control of the epidemic also reflects that there are still obvious shortcomings in the field of public health in China, which need to be made up quickly.

It is necessary to improve the status of the public health system in the national governance system from the top-level design, enrich the public health institutions at the central, provincial, municipal, and county levels, strengthen the training of professionals and team building, and improve the ability to perform their duties. It is necessary to improve the public health environment in urban and rural areas, and strengthen grassroots prevention and control and public health services in rural areas and communities. It is necessary to strengthen the planning and construction of public health institutions, hospital infection departments, biological laboratories, etc., and do a good job in the management of sensitive medical and experimental data. Health education and scientific knowledge should be strengthened to improve public health literacy. In the prevention and control of this epidemic, traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role. It is necessary to sum up experience in time, strengthen scientific demonstration, vigorously develop the cause of traditional Chinese medicine, strengthen the integration of Chinese and Western medicine, and constantly improve the ability and level.

The practice of fighting major infectious disease epidemics has shown that it is necessary to accelerate the formation of a system of early detection, early warning, and early response from bottom to top, and strive to control the epidemic in its infancy. It is necessary to enhance the ability of early monitoring and early warning as the top priority of improving the public health system, and improve the public health emergency management system. It is necessary to strengthen information sharing among disease control, hospitals, and scientific research institutions, and enhance the early warning capabilities of various known and emerging infectious diseases.

※ this is General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech at the 7th meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Commission on April 10, 2020.